Russian legislative election, 1995
Russian legislative election, 1995
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Legislative elections were held in the Russian Federation on December 17, 1995. At stake were the 450 seats in the State Duma (Gosudarstvennaya Duma), the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia (The legislature).
The election law adopted for the 1995 election was similar to that adopted for the 1993 election, with some minor modifications. First, to secure a place on the proportional representation ballot, parties had to have registered with the Ministry of Justice no later than six months before the election, and the number of signatures they had to gather rose from 100,000 to 200,000. Second, invalid votes were now included in the calculation of the 5.0 percent threshold. Third, on the single-member district ballot, party endorsements of candidates were indicated.
Outcome and aftermath
Out of the forty three parties and coalitions contesting the elections, only four cleared the 5% threshold to qualify for the proportional seats.
Pro-Government parties
Our Home Is Russia had weightier resources and soon acquired the nickname of “party of power” for its reliance on elite political and economic office holders. It was also referred to as “Our Home Is Gazprom” for its close ties to Gazprom’s substantial financial resources. Most of the cabinet ministers joined the bloc, and a number of business leaders and regional political elites affiliated with it. However, almost no other parties entered it, and many SMD candidates who had initially affiliated with the party soon left it. One of the early parties to enter the bloc, Sergei Shakhrai’s Party of Russian Unity and Concord, also deserted it in August.[1] In the election, theOur Home Is Russia bloc took 10.1% of the vote, enough to form a faction in the Duma but not enough to serve as a dominant or pivotal force in parliament or in the regions. At its peak, the party claimed the membership of around one third of Russia’s governors. However, both the center and regional elites made only ephemeral commitments to Our Home is Russia.[2]
Opposition parties
As a result of these elections, the Communists and their satellites, the Agrarians and other left-wing deputies, controlled a little less than the half of the seats. The populist LDPR occasionally sided with the left majority, but often supported the government. As in the previous Duma, the parliamentary groups of independent deputies had a significant influence on the balance of power in the parliament.
On January 17, 1996 a Communist Gennady Seleznyov was elected the Speaker of the Duma.
Results
e • d Summary of the December 17, 1995 Russian Duma election results[1] [2]
Parties and coalitions |
Party list |
Votes |
% |
List seats |
Single seats |
Total seats |
+/- |
Communist Party of the Russian Federation |
15,432,963 |
22.30 |
99 |
58 |
157 |
+115 |
Liberal Democratic Party of Russia |
7,737,431 |
11.18 |
50 |
1 |
51 |
-13 |
Our Home - Russia |
7,009,291 |
10.13 |
45 |
10 |
55 |
+55 |
Yabloko |
4,767,384 |
6.89 |
31 |
14 |
45 |
+18 |
Russia's Women |
3,188,813 |
4.61 |
0 |
3 |
3 |
-18 |
Communists-Labour Russia-For the Soviet Union |
3,137,406 |
4.53 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
+1 |
Congress of Russian Communities |
2,980,137 |
4.31 |
0 |
5 |
5 |
+5 |
Party for the Workers' Autonomy |
2,756,954 |
3.98 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
+1 |
Democratic Choice of Russia-United Democrats |
2,674,084 |
3.86 |
0 |
9 |
9 |
-55 |
Agrarian Party of Russia |
2,613,127 |
3.78 |
0 |
20 |
20 |
-17 |
Strong State (Derzhava) |
1,781,233 |
2.57 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
- |
Forward, Russia! |
1,343,428 |
1.94 |
0 |
3 |
3 |
+3 |
Power to the People! (Vlast'-narodu!) |
1,112,873 |
1.61 |
0 |
9 |
9 |
+9 |
Pamfilova-Gurov-Vladimir Lysenko |
1,106,812 |
1.60 |
0 |
2 |
2 |
+2 |
Trade Unions and Industrialists of Russia - Union of Labor |
1,076,072 |
1.55 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
+1 |
Ecological Movement "Cedar" |
962,195 |
1.39 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
- |
Ivan Rybkin Bloc |
769,259 |
1.11 |
0 |
3 |
3 |
+3 |
Stanislav Govorukhin Bloc |
688,496 |
0.99 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
+1 |
My Fatherland |
496,276 |
0.72 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
+1 |
Common Cause (Obshchee Delo) |
472,615 |
0.68 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
+1 |
Beer Lovers' Party |
428,727 |
0.62 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
- |
Islamic Movement "Nur" |
393,513 |
0.57 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
- |
Transfiguration of the Fatherland |
339,654 |
0.49 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
- |
National Republican Party of Russia |
331,700 |
0.48 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
-1 |
Juna Davitashvili Bloc |
323,232 |
0.47 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
- |
Party of the Russian Unity and Concord |
245,977 |
0.36 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
-21 |
Association of Lawyers |
242,966 |
0.35 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
- |
For the Motherland! |
194,254 |
0.28 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
- |
Christian Democratic Union - The Christians of Russia |
191,446 |
0.28 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
-1 |
"The Work of Peter I" |
145,704 |
0.21 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
- |
Union of the People |
130,728 |
0.19 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
- |
Tikhonov-Tupolev-Tikhonov |
102,039 |
0.15 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
- |
Union of Apartment Managements Workers |
97,274 |
0.14 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
- |
Social Democrats |
88,642 |
0.13 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
- |
Party of Economic Freedom |
88,416 |
0.13 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
-1 |
Russian All-People's Movement |
86,422 |
0.13 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
- |
Bloc of Independents |
83,742 |
0.12 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
+1 |
Federalist Democratic Movement |
82,948 |
0.12 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
- |
Stable Russia |
81,285 |
0.12 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
- |
Duma-96 |
55,897 |
0.08 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
- |
Borderline Generation |
44,202 |
0.06 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
- |
89 Regions of Russia |
40,840 |
0.06 |
0 |
1 |
1 |
+1 |
International Union |
39,592 |
0.06 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
- |
Independents (self-nomination) |
|
|
|
77 |
77 |
|
Against All |
1,918,151 |
2.77 |
Total (turnout 64.76%) |
69,614,693 |
|
225 |
225 |
450 |
Registered voters |
107,496,856 |
100.00 |
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2nd Russian Duma by Parliamentary Group
References
- ^ Belin&Orttung 1997, pp. 34-36
- ^ Hale, 2006, pp. 208-209; McFaul, 2001, p. 205
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